If the text-only Diarium database file is really around 42.5 MB, then Diarium has to upload/download that complete database file during sync. That is a very large text database and makes interrupted uploads or sync conflicts much more likely.
Just to clarify: the size shown in Diarium’s database statistics may include attachments. The text-only database file can be checked in OneDrive under Apps/Diarium.
For comparison: I have used Diarium for about 10 years with one short entry per day, and the text part of my journal is around 1.4 MB. Your journal has 13,000+ entries and almost 4.9 million words, so this is far outside the typical database size I usually see.
One related issue was already found: canceling or interrupting an upload could cause duplicated text in some cases, especially with large database files where uploads take longer. This was reported here and will be fixed with the next update.
Could you also explain a bit more how you use Diarium? Are these mostly long personal journal entries over 30+ years, or do you also copy/paste articles, notes, lists, or heavily formatted text into entries? I’m asking because understanding this kind of large-journal workflow helps me decide how sync could be improved in the future.