All "feeds and events" are temporary, meaning they are only requested from the "data source" on-demand and not stored in the database itself. One exception: weather data, which is stored in the database
gosia If I turn the Camera Roll on, will this upload copies of pictures to my entries?
What do you mean with "upload". The data is not added to your database permanently, unless you manually attach it to your entry
Will this happen backwards as well, to old posts?
Also when looking at older dates, the data is requested (on-demand) and shown
If I would like to resign from the Camera Roll feed, and turn it off, will the photos disappear from the posts? Or do I have to delete them by hand?
Yes, they will simply disappear (unless you manually attached them to your database)
If I turn the Sunrise on, will this show up on all posts, even in the past?
Yes, on all entries that have a location, as this is required to calculate the sunrise & sunset times