This only happens when you write on two different devices without syncing inbetween.
Why did you start writing entries on Android before setting up the sync?
Anyways, I tried to reproduce the problem, but when I tested this, the both database states were merged and no data was lost. Also, the sync always shows a warning when it is about to overwrite a local database with a (remote) database that has less entries. You must have confirmed this warning on the Windows side.
I don't think the entries can be recovered as Google Drive doesn't keep a history of the files.
In the future, please only write to the journal when it is in a synced state.
Sorry this happened!